Ethernet
Ethernet
One popular technique for joining devices in a local area network (LAN) is Ethernet. It belongs to the IEEE 802.3 family of standards and is a standard protocol created by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). Computers, printers, servers, switches, and routers may all communicate with one another over a wired connection thanks to Ethernet.
Ethernet operates at the data link layer (Layer 2) of the OSI model.
It uses the Ethernet frame format to encapsulate data for transmission over the network. The Ethernet frame consists of:
Preamble (7 bytes): A sequence of alternating 1s and 0s used for synchronization.
Start Frame Delimiter (SFD) (1 byte):
Marks the beginning of the frame.
Destination MAC Address (6 bytes):
Identifies the intended recipient.
Source MAC Address (6 bytes):
Identifies the sender.
Type or Length Field (2 bytes):
Specifies the type of data or length of the data.
Data Payload (46-1500 bytes):
Actual data being transmitted.
Frame Check Sequence (FCS) (4 bytes):
A cyclic redundancy check (CRC) value for error detection.
Interframe Gap (IFG):
A brief period of time between frames for separation.
Ethernet Speed and Throughput:
Ethernet throughput, measured in bits per second (bps).
Throughput = (Frame Size) / (Transmission Time + Propagation Delay)
Transmission Time=Frame Size/Data Rate
Propagation Delay: The time it takes for a signal to travel from the sender to the receiver.
Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) is the protocol used by Ethernet to manage access to the network medium.